Abbreviations
3 GL:
Third Generation Language.
4GL:
Fourth Generation Language.
A
ACE:
Automatic Call Distributor.
ACK:
Acknowledgement.
ADT:
Abstract Data Type.
ADSL:
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.
AGP:
Advanced Graphics Port.
AI:
Artificial Intelligence.
ALGOL:
ALGOrithmic Language.
ALU:
Arithmetic Logic Unit.
AM:
Amplitude Modulation.
AMD:
Advanced Micro Devices.
AMP: Asymmetric Multi Processing.
ANSI:
American National Standards Institute.
APDU:
Application Protocol Data Unit.
API:
Application Program Interface.
APT:
Automatically Programmed Tools.
ARPANET: Advanced
Research Project Agency NETwork.
ASCII:
American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
AT:
Advanced Technology.
AT&T: American
Telephone and Telegraph.
ATM:
Automatic Teller Machine, Asynchronous Transmission Mode.
B
BASIC:
Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
BBS:
Bulletin Board System.
BCD:
Bulletin Board System.
BCS:
Bangladesh Computer Society, Bangladesh Computer Samity.
BERNET:
Bangladesh Education and Research NETwork.
BIND:
Berkely Internet Name Domain.
BIOS:
Basic Input Output System.
BIP:
Business Information Processing.
BISDN:
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network.
Bit: Binary digit.
BOOTP:
BOOTstrap Protocol.
bsp:
Bits per second.
C
CAD:
Computer Aided Design.
CADMAT: Computer
Aided Design Manufacture and Testing.
CAI:
Computer Aided information.
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing.
CAS:
Content Addressable Storage.
CASE:
Computer Aided Software Engineering.
CATV:
Community Antenna Television.
CBT:
Computer Based Training.
CCD:
Charge Coupled Device.
CCITT:
Consultative Committee of International Telegraphy and
Telephony Compact Disk (ITU-T).
CD:
Compact Disk.
CD-ROM: Compact
Disk-Read Only Memory.
CGA:
Color Graphics Adapter.
CISC:
Complex Instruction Set Computer.
CMMU: Cache
Memory Management Unit.
CMOS:
Complementary Meta Oxide Semiconductor.
COBOL: Common
Business Oriented Language.
CODASYL: COmmittee
on DAta SYstems Language.
COMDEX: COMputer
Dealers EXposition.
CP/M:
Control Program for Microcomputer.
cpi:
Characters Per Inch.
CPU:
Central Processing Unit.
CR:
Carriage Return.
CRC:
Cyclic Redundancy Check.
CREN:
Consortium for Research and Education Network.
CRT:
Cathode Ray Tube.
CSMA/CD: Carrior
Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.
CSPDN:
Circuit Switched Public Data network.
CSR:
Connected Speech Recognition.
CU:
Control Unit.
CWR:
Connected Word Recognition.
D
DASD:
Direct Access Storage Devices.
DAT:
Digital Audio Tape.
DAV:
Digital Audio Video.
DBA:
DataBase Administration.
DBMS:
DataBase Management System.
DCA:
Document Content Architecture.
DCE:
Data Circuit-termination Equipment.
DCL:
Data Control Language.
DDE:
Direct Data Entry, Dynamic Data Exchange.
DDL:
Data Description Language, Dynamic Data Library.
DDS:
Digital Data Service.
DEC:
Digital Equipment Cerporation.
DFD: Data
Flow Diagram.
DIP:
Dual In-Line Package.
DLC:
Data Link Control.
DMA:
Direct Memory Access.
DML: Data
Manipulation Language.
DMS:
Digital Metropolitan Service.
DNS:
Domain Name System.
DOS: Disk
Operating System.
DP:
Data Processing.
dip:
dits per inch.
DQDB:
Distributed Que Dual Bus.
DR:
Data Register.
DRAM:
Dynamic Random Access Memory.
DSL:
Data Sub –Language.
DSP:
Digital Signal Processor.
DSS:
Decision Support System.
DTE:
Data Terminal Equipment.
DTP:
DeskTop Publishing.
E
E-mail:
Electronic mail.
EAR:
Entity-Attribute-Relationship.
EBCDIC:
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
ECMA:
Electronic Data Interchange For Administration,
Commerce and Transport.
EDP:
Electronic Data Processing.
EDVAC:
Electronic Discrate Variable Automatic Computer.
EEPROM:
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
EFT:
Electronic Fund Transfer.
EFTPOS:
Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale.
EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adapter.
EIA:
Electronic Industries Association.
EISA:
Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture.
EMI:
Electro-Magnetic Interference.
EMS:
Expanded Memory Specification.
ENIAC:
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.
EOF:
End-of-File.
EPROM: Erasable
and Programmable Read Only Memory.
ESDI:
Enhanced Small Device Interface.
EU:
End-User.
EWP: Electronic
White Page.
F
F.Keys:
Function Keys.
FAQ:
Frequently Asked Question.
FAST:
Federation Against Software Theft.
FAT:
File Allocation Table.
FAX:
Facsimile.
FCC:
Federal Communications Commission.
FCS:
Frame Check Sequence.
FDC:
Floppy Disk Controller.
FDD:
Floppy Disk Drive, Fixed Disk Drive.
FDDI:
Fiber Distributed Data Interface.
FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing.
FEA:
Finite Element Analysis.
FEP:
Front-End Processor.
FF:
Form Feed, Flip-Flop.
FGL:
Fourth Generation Language.
FIFO:
First in First Out.
FM:
Frequency Modulation.
FORTRAN: FORmula
TRANslation.
FRAM:
Ferromagnetic Random Access Memory.
FSK:
Frequency Shift Keying.
FTAM: File
Transfer Access and Management.
FTP:
File Transfer Protocol.
G
GB:
Giga Byte.
GHz:
Giga Hartz.
GIGO:
Garbage In Garbage Out.
GIS:
Geographic Information System.
GUI:
Graphical User Interface.
GW-BASIC: Gee Whiz!
Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
H
H-Zone: Hypheration-Zone.
HCI:
Human Computer Interface.
HD:
High Density.
HDC: Hard
Disk Controller.
HDD: Hard
Disk Drive.
HDLC:
High-level Data Link Control.
HGC:
Hercules Graphics Card.
HIPO CHART: Hierarchical Input-Process-Output Chart.
HMA:
Higher Memory Block.
HMI:
Horizontal Motion Index.
HTML: Hyper
Text Markup Language.
HTTP: Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol.
HWD:
Height/Width/ Depth.
Hz:
Hertz.
I
I/O:
Input/output.
IAB:
Internet Architecture Board.
IAR:
Instruction Address Register.
IBG:
Inter Block Gap.
IBM:
International Business Machines.
IC:
Integrated Circuit.
ICMP:
Internet Control Message Protocol.
IDE:
Integrated Drive Electronics.
IDN: Integrated Digital Network.
IEE:
Institute o Electrical and Electronics Engineer.
IEEE:
Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineer.
IEN:
Internet Experiment Note.
IEFT:
Internet Experiment Note.
IIL:
Integrated Injection Logic.
IP:
Internet Protocol, Information Processing.
IPR:
Intellectual Property Right.
IPX:
Internetwork Packet Exchange.
IR:
Instruction Register.
IRC:
Internet Relay Chart.
IRG:
Inter Record Gap.
IRQ:
Interrupt ReQuest.
ISA:
Industry Standard Architecture.
ISAM:
Index Sequential Access Mode.
ISDN:
Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISO:
Internet SOCiety.
IT:
Information Technology.
ITU-T:
International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication.
IWR:
Isolated Word Recognition.
J
JCL:
Job Control Language.
JTM: Job
Transfer and Manipulation.
K
KB:
KiloByte.
Kb:
Kilobit.
Kbps:
Kilobits per second.
KPO: Key
Punch Operator.
L
LAN:
Local Area Network.
LAP:
Link Access Protocol.
LAPB:
Link Access Protocol Balanced.
LCD:
Light Crystal Display.
LED:
Light Emiting Diode.
LF:
Line Feed.
LFU:
Least Frequency Used.
LHN:
Long Haul Network.
LIFO:
Last In First Out.
LIM-EMS: Lotus
Intel Microsoft-Expanded Memory Specification.
LIS:
Land Information System.
LLC:
Logical Link Control.
LRC:
Longitudinal Redundancy Check.
LSI:
Large Scale Integration.
M
MAC: Medium
Access Control.
MAN:
Metropolitan Area Network.
MAR: Memory
Address Register.
Mb:
Megabit.
MB:
Megabyte.
Mbps:
Million bits per second.
MBR:
Memory Buffer Register.
MCA: Micro
Channel Architecture.
MDA:
Monochrome Display Adapter.
MDR: Memory
Data Register.
MFD: Mini
Floppy Disk.
MFLOPS: Million
Floating Point Operations Per Second.
MHS:
Message Handling Service.
MHz:
MegaHertz.
MIB:
Management Information Base.
MICR:
Magnetic Ink Character Reader.
MIMD:
Multiple Instruction Multiple Data.
MIPS:
Million Instruction Per Second.
MIS:
Management Information System.
MMU: Memory
Management Unit.
MOS: Metal
Oxide Semiconductor.
MOTIS:
Message Oriented Text Interchange System.
MPU:
MicroProcessor Unit.
MS:
MicroSoft, Message Store.
MS-DOS:
MicroSoft-Disk Operating System.
MSI:
Medium Scale Integration.
MTA:
Message Transfer Agent.
MTBF: Mean
Time Between Failure.
MUX:
Multiplexer.
N
NAK:
Negative Acknowledgement.
NETBIOS: NETwork
Basic Input/Output System.
NI:
Norton Index.
NIC:
Network Information Center, Network Interface Card.
NL:
Natural Language.
NLQ:
Near Letter Quality.
NMI:
NonMaskable Interrupt.
NOS:
Network protocol Data Unit.
NPQ: Near
Photographic Quality.
NRZ:
Non-return to Zero.
Ns:
Nanosecond.
NSAP:
Network Service Access Point.
O
OCR:
Optical Character Reader/Recognition.
ODD:
Optical Disk Drive.
OEM:
Original Equipment Manufacturer.
OHP: Over
Head panel.
OLE:
Object Linking and Embedding.
OMR:
Optical Mark Reader.
OOD:
Object Oriented Design.
OOP:
Object Oriented Design.
OR: Operation Research.
OS/2:
Operating System/2.
OSF:
Open Software Foundation.
OSI:
Open System Interconnection.
P
PABX:
Private Automatic Branch Exchange.
PAL: Phase Alternate Line, Programmable Array
Logic.
PAB:
Private Branch Exchange.
PC:
Personal Computer, Program Computer.
PCB:
Printed Circuit Board.
PCI:
Peripheral Component Interconnect, Protocol Control Information.
PCM:
Pulse Code Modulation.
PDL:
Page Description Language.
PDN:
Public Data Network.
PDU:
Protocol Data Unit.
PERT: Progress Evaluation and Review
Technique.
PIN:
personal Identification Number.
PIO:
Parallel Input/output.
PL/1:
programming Language 1.
PLA:
Programmable Logic Array.
PM: Phase
Modulation.
PMBX:
Private Manual Branch Exchange.
POP:
Post Office Protocol.
POS:
Point of Sale.
POST: Power
On Self Test.
Ppm: Page
Per Minute.
PPP:
Point-to-point Protocol.
PPU:
Protocol Data Unit.
PROLOG:
Programmable Read Only Memory.
PSDN:
Packet Switched Data Network.
PTT:
Post Telegraph and Telephone.
Q
QAM:
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation.
QBE: Query
By Example.
R
RAID:
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks.
RAM:
Random Access Memory.
RDBMS:
Relational DataBase Management System.
RFI:
Radio Frequency Interference.
RGB:
Read-Green-Blue.
RISC:
Reduced Instruction Set Computer.
RLL:
Run-Length-Limited.
RMM: Read
Mostly Memory.
ROM: Read
Only Memory.
RPG:
Report Programme Generator.
RPROM: ReProgrammable Read Only Memory.
RSI:
Repititive Strain Injury.
RTS:
Request To Send.
S
SAA:
Systems Application Architecture.
SAP:
Service Access Point.
SCR:
Sequence Control Register.
SCSI:
Small Computer System Interface.
SDLC:
Synchronous Data Link Control.
SIMD:
Single Instruction Multiple Data.
SIMM: Single
In-Line Memory Module.
SIPP:
Single In-Line Pin Profile.
SISD:
Single Instruction Single Data.
SLIP:
Serial Line Internet Protocol.
SMP:
Symmetric MultiProcessing.
SMTP:
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
SNA:
Systems Network Architecture.
SNMP: Simple
Network Management Protocol.
SONET:
Synchronous Optical NETwork.
SPARC:
Scalable Processor ARChitecture.
SPC:
Stored Programme Control.
SPEC:
Systems Performance Evaluation Cooperative.
SQL:
Structured Query Language.
SRAM: Static
Random Access Memory.
SSD:
Single Sided Disk.
STP:
Shielded Twisted Pair.
SVGA: Super
Video Graphics Array.
SYSOP: System
OPerator.
T
TBU:
Tape Back-up Unit.
TCP:
Transmission Control Protocol.
TCP/IP:
Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet protocol.
TDM: Time
Division Multiplexing.
TE:
Terminal Equipment.
TEI: Terminal Endpoint Identifier.
TIFE:
Tagged Image File Format.
TMOT:
Thermo-Magnetic-Optic Technology.
TPDU:
Transport Protocol Data Unit.
Tip:
Tracks per inch.
TSR:
Terminate and Stay Resident.
TTY:
Tele TYpewriter.
U
UART:
Universal Asynchronous Receive Transmitter.
UC:
Upward Compatibility.
UDP: User
Datagram Protocol.
UIMS: User
Interface Management System.
ULSI:
Ultra Large Scale Integration.
UMB:
Upper Memory Block.
UNIVAC:
UNIVersal Automatic Computer.
UPC:
Universal Product Cod.
UPS:
Uninterruptable Power Supply.
URL:
Universal Resource Locator.
USART:
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter.
UTP:
Unshielded Twisted Pair.
UUCP:
Unix-to-Unix Copy.
V
VC:
Virtual Circuit.
VDE:
Voice Data Entry.
VDT: Visual Display Terminal.
VDU:
Visual Display Unit.
VESA:
Video Electronics Standard Association.
VGA:
Video Graphics Array.
VLIW:
Very-Long-Instruction Word.
VLSI:
Very Large Scale Integration.
VM:
Virtual Memory.
VRAM: Video
Random Access Memory.
VRC:
Vertical Redundancy check.
VSAT:
Very Small Aperture Terminal.
VT:
Virtual Terminal
W
W3:
World Wide Web
WAIS: Wide
Area Information Server
WAN: Wide
Area Network
WORM:
Write-Once-Read-Many
WP:
Word Processing
WW: Word
Wrap
WWW: World
Wide Web
WYSIWYG: What You
See Is What You Get
X
XGA:
Extended Graphics Array
XMS:
Extended Memory Specification
XOR:
Exclusive OR
XT:
Extended Technology
Y
YP:
Yellow Page
Z
ZWS: Zero
Wait State